学历教育 - 英语考试
共用题干
The World's Longest Bridge
Rumor has it that a legendary six-headed monster lurks in the deep waters of the Tyrrhenian Sea between Italy and the island of Sicily._______(46)When completed in 2010,the world's longest bridge will weigh nearly 300,000 tons一equivalent to the iceberg that sank the Titanic一and stretch 5 kilometers long."That's nearly 50 percent longer than any other bridge ever built."says structural engineer Shane Rixon.
_______(47)They're suspension bridges,massive structures built to span vast water channels or gorges.A suspension bridge needs just two towers to shoulder the structure's mammoth weight, thanks to hefty supporting cables slung between the towers and anchored firmly in deep pools of cement at each end of the bridge.The Messina Strait Bridge will have two 54,100-ton towers,which will support most of the bridge's load.The beefy cables of the bridge,each 1.2 meter in diameter, will hold up the longest and widest bridge deck ever built.
When construction begins on the Messina Strait Bridge in 2005,the first job will be to erect two 370 meter-tall steel towers._______(48)Getting these cables up will be something. It's not just their length一totally 5.3 kilometers一but their weight._______(49)
After lowering vertical"suspender"cables from the main cables,builders will erect a 60- meter一wide 54,630一ton steel roadway,or deck一wide enough to accommodate 12 lanes of traffic.The deck's weight will pull down on the cables with a force of 70,500 tons.In return,the cables yank up against their firmly rooted anchors with a force of 139,000 tons一equivalent to the weight of about 100,000 cars. Those anchors are essential._______(50)
_______（47）
A:Some environmentalists are against the project on biological grounds.
B:What do the world's longest bridges have in common?
C: If true ,one day you might spy the beast while zipping（呼啸而过）across the Messina Strait Bridge.
D:They're what will keep the bridge from going anywhere.
E:The second job will be to pull two sets of steel cables across the strait,each set being a bundle of 44,352 individual steel wires.
F: They will tip up the scales at 166,500 tons一more than half the bridge's total mass.
查看答案
The World's Longest Bridge
Rumor has it that a legendary six-headed monster lurks in the deep waters of the Tyrrhenian Sea between Italy and the island of Sicily._______(46)When completed in 2010,the world's longest bridge will weigh nearly 300,000 tons一equivalent to the iceberg that sank the Titanic一and stretch 5 kilometers long."That's nearly 50 percent longer than any other bridge ever built."says structural engineer Shane Rixon.
_______(47)They're suspension bridges,massive structures built to span vast water channels or gorges.A suspension bridge needs just two towers to shoulder the structure's mammoth weight, thanks to hefty supporting cables slung between the towers and anchored firmly in deep pools of cement at each end of the bridge.The Messina Strait Bridge will have two 54,100-ton towers,which will support most of the bridge's load.The beefy cables of the bridge,each 1.2 meter in diameter, will hold up the longest and widest bridge deck ever built.
When construction begins on the Messina Strait Bridge in 2005,the first job will be to erect two 370 meter-tall steel towers._______(48)Getting these cables up will be something. It's not just their length一totally 5.3 kilometers一but their weight._______(49)
After lowering vertical"suspender"cables from the main cables,builders will erect a 60- meter一wide 54,630一ton steel roadway,or deck一wide enough to accommodate 12 lanes of traffic.The deck's weight will pull down on the cables with a force of 70,500 tons.In return,the cables yank up against their firmly rooted anchors with a force of 139,000 tons一equivalent to the weight of about 100,000 cars. Those anchors are essential._______(50)
_______（47）
A:Some environmentalists are against the project on biological grounds.
B:What do the world's longest bridges have in common?
C: If true ,one day you might spy the beast while zipping（呼啸而过）across the Messina Strait Bridge.
D:They're what will keep the bridge from going anywhere.
E:The second job will be to pull two sets of steel cables across the strait,each set being a bundle of 44,352 individual steel wires.
F: They will tip up the scales at 166,500 tons一more than half the bridge's total mass.
共用题干
Less Is More
It sounds all wrong—drilling holes in a piece of wood to make it more resistant to knocks. But it works because the energy from the blow gets distributed throughout the wood rather than fo-
cusing on one weak spot. The discovery should lead to more effective and lighter packaging mate-rials.
Carpenters have known______(51)centuries that some woods are tougher than others. Hickory,for example,was turned into axe handles and cartwheel spokes because it can absorb shocks without breaking. White oak,for example,is much more easily damaued,________(52)it is almostas dense.Julian Vincent at Bathe University and his team were convinced the wood's internal structure could explain the differences.
Many trees have tubular vessels that run_______(53)the trunk and carry water to the leav- es .In oak they are large,and arranged in narrow bands,but in hickory they are smaller,and more evenly distributed.The researchers________(54)this layout might distribute a blow's en-ergy throughout the wood, soaking up a bigger hit.To test the idea,they drilled holes 0.65 millimetres across into a block of spruce,a wood with_______(55)vessels,and found that_______(56)withstood a harder knock_______（57)when there were more than about 30 holes per square centimeter did the wood's performance drop off.
A uniform substance doesn't cope well with knocks because only a small proportion of the material is actually______( 58).All the energy from the blow goes towards breaking the material in one or two places , but often the pieces left _________( 59 ) are pristine（未经破坏的）.
But instead of the energy being concentrated in one place,the holes provide many weak spots that all absorb energy as they break,says Vincent.“You are controlling the places______(60) the wood breaks,and it can then absorb more______(61),more safely.”
The researchers believe the principle could be applied to any material—_________(62)example,to manufacture lighter and more protective packaging.It could_______(63)be used in car bumpers,crash barriers and armor for military vehicles,says Ulrike Wegst,_______(64) the Max Plank Institute for Mental Research in Stuttgart. But she emphasizes that you'd ________(65)to design the substance with the direction of force in mind.“The direction of loading is crucial,”she says.
54._________
A: discovered
B: concluded
C: found
D:.thought
查看答案
Less Is More
It sounds all wrong—drilling holes in a piece of wood to make it more resistant to knocks. But it works because the energy from the blow gets distributed throughout the wood rather than fo-
cusing on one weak spot. The discovery should lead to more effective and lighter packaging mate-rials.
Carpenters have known______(51)centuries that some woods are tougher than others. Hickory,for example,was turned into axe handles and cartwheel spokes because it can absorb shocks without breaking. White oak,for example,is much more easily damaued,________(52)it is almostas dense.Julian Vincent at Bathe University and his team were convinced the wood's internal structure could explain the differences.
Many trees have tubular vessels that run_______(53)the trunk and carry water to the leav- es .In oak they are large,and arranged in narrow bands,but in hickory they are smaller,and more evenly distributed.The researchers________(54)this layout might distribute a blow's en-ergy throughout the wood, soaking up a bigger hit.To test the idea,they drilled holes 0.65 millimetres across into a block of spruce,a wood with_______(55)vessels,and found that_______(56)withstood a harder knock_______（57)when there were more than about 30 holes per square centimeter did the wood's performance drop off.
A uniform substance doesn't cope well with knocks because only a small proportion of the material is actually______( 58).All the energy from the blow goes towards breaking the material in one or two places , but often the pieces left _________( 59 ) are pristine（未经破坏的）.
But instead of the energy being concentrated in one place,the holes provide many weak spots that all absorb energy as they break,says Vincent.“You are controlling the places______(60) the wood breaks,and it can then absorb more______(61),more safely.”
The researchers believe the principle could be applied to any material—_________(62)example,to manufacture lighter and more protective packaging.It could_______(63)be used in car bumpers,crash barriers and armor for military vehicles,says Ulrike Wegst,_______(64) the Max Plank Institute for Mental Research in Stuttgart. But she emphasizes that you'd ________(65)to design the substance with the direction of force in mind.“The direction of loading is crucial,”she says.
54._________
A: discovered
B: concluded
C: found
D:.thought
共用题干
Black Holes
1 Black holes can be best described as a sort of vacuum,sucking up everything in space.Scientists
have discovered that black holes come from an explosion of huge stars.Stars that are near death can no longer
burn due to loss of fuel , and because its temperature can no longer control the gravitational（重力的）force,
hydrogen ends up putting pressure onto the star's surface until it suddenly explodes then collapses.
2 Black holes come from stars ihat are made of hydrogen,other gases and a few metals.When these
explode it can turn into a stellar-mass（恒星质量) black hole , which can only occur if the star is large enough
(should be bigger than the sun)for the explosion to break it into pieces,and the gravity starts to compact
every piece into the tiniest particle.Try to see and compare:if a star that's ten times the size of the sun ends
up being a black hole that's no longer than 70 kilometers,then the Earth would become a black hole that'S
only a fraction of an inch!
3 Objects that get sucked in a black hole will always remain there,never to break free.i1it remember
that black holes can only gobble up（吞噬）objects within a specific distance to it.It's possible for a large
star near the sun to become a black hole,but the sun will continue to stay in place.Orbits（轨道）do not
change because the newly formed black hole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star,
only this time its mass is totally contracted that it can end up as no bigger than a state.
4 Sofar,astronomers have figured out that black holes exist because of Albert Einstcin's theory of
relativity.In the end,through numerous studies,they have discovered that black holes truly exist.Since black
holes trap light and do not give off light,it is nearly impossible to detect black holes via a telescope.But
astronomers continue to study galaxies（银河系）, space and the solar system to understand how black holes
might evolve.It is possible that black holes can exist for millions of years,and later contribute to a bigger
process in galaxies,which can eventually lead to creation of new entities（实体）.Scientists also credit black
holes as helpful in learning how galaxies began to form.
When a large star explodes,the gravity compacts every piece into______.
A:the existence of black holes
B:the creation of new entities
C:the same amount of mass
D:an fraction of an inch
E:a fraction of an inch
F:the tiniest particle
查看答案
Black Holes
1 Black holes can be best described as a sort of vacuum,sucking up everything in space.Scientists
have discovered that black holes come from an explosion of huge stars.Stars that are near death can no longer
burn due to loss of fuel , and because its temperature can no longer control the gravitational（重力的）force,
hydrogen ends up putting pressure onto the star's surface until it suddenly explodes then collapses.
2 Black holes come from stars ihat are made of hydrogen,other gases and a few metals.When these
explode it can turn into a stellar-mass（恒星质量) black hole , which can only occur if the star is large enough
(should be bigger than the sun)for the explosion to break it into pieces,and the gravity starts to compact
every piece into the tiniest particle.Try to see and compare:if a star that's ten times the size of the sun ends
up being a black hole that's no longer than 70 kilometers,then the Earth would become a black hole that'S
only a fraction of an inch!
3 Objects that get sucked in a black hole will always remain there,never to break free.i1it remember
that black holes can only gobble up（吞噬）objects within a specific distance to it.It's possible for a large
star near the sun to become a black hole,but the sun will continue to stay in place.Orbits（轨道）do not
change because the newly formed black hole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star,
only this time its mass is totally contracted that it can end up as no bigger than a state.
4 Sofar,astronomers have figured out that black holes exist because of Albert Einstcin's theory of
relativity.In the end,through numerous studies,they have discovered that black holes truly exist.Since black
holes trap light and do not give off light,it is nearly impossible to detect black holes via a telescope.But
astronomers continue to study galaxies（银河系）, space and the solar system to understand how black holes
might evolve.It is possible that black holes can exist for millions of years,and later contribute to a bigger
process in galaxies,which can eventually lead to creation of new entities（实体）.Scientists also credit black
holes as helpful in learning how galaxies began to form.
When a large star explodes,the gravity compacts every piece into______.
A:the existence of black holes
B:the creation of new entities
C:the same amount of mass
D:an fraction of an inch
E:a fraction of an inch
F:the tiniest particle
共用题干
Improve Your Memory
To many people advancing age means losing your hair,your waistline and your memory.But is it an inescapable fact that the older you get,the less you remember? Well,as time goes by,we tend to blame age for problems that are not necessarily age-related.
When a teenager can't find her keys,she thinks it's because she's distracted or disorganized, but a 70-year-old blames her memory. In fact,the 70-year-old may have been misplacing things for decades一like we all do from time to time.
In healthy people,memory doesn't deteriorate as quickly as many of us think. According to psychologists,as we age,our memory mechanism isn't broken,it's just different.The brain's processing time slows down over the years,though no one knows exactly why.Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and that there's less activity in the part of the brain that decides whether to store information or not.But it's not clear that less activity is worse.A beginning athlete is winded. more easily than a trained athlete.In the same way,as the brain gets more skilled at a task,it spends less energy on it.
There are steps you can take to improve your memory,though you have to work to keep your brain in shape.It's like having a good body. You can't go to the gym once a year and expect to stay in top form.
Some memory enhancement experts suggest using the AM principle.Pay attention to what you want to remember. Then give some meaning to it. We remember things when we focus on them, whether we intend to or not. That helps explain why jingles stick in our minds.They are played on loud,flashy TV commercials.They also use rhyme and music to help us remember better.
Basic organization helps us remember the boring stuff. For example,rather than trying to recall a random list of groceries,we can divide them into categories,such as dairy,meat and produce. For important things like keys and money,we can set up a"forget-me-not"spot where we always keep them.
We can also eat to aid our memory power. Whole grains,fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of glucose,the brain's preferred fuel. Another low-tech way to improve memory is to get adequate rest. Sleep may allow our brain time to encode memories.
Interest in friends,family and hobbies does wonders for our memory.A sense of passion or purpose helps us remember. Memory requires us to pay attention to our lives,allowing us to discover in them everything worth remembering.
A right choice of food and plenty of rest help improve our memory.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
查看答案
Improve Your Memory
To many people advancing age means losing your hair,your waistline and your memory.But is it an inescapable fact that the older you get,the less you remember? Well,as time goes by,we tend to blame age for problems that are not necessarily age-related.
When a teenager can't find her keys,she thinks it's because she's distracted or disorganized, but a 70-year-old blames her memory. In fact,the 70-year-old may have been misplacing things for decades一like we all do from time to time.
In healthy people,memory doesn't deteriorate as quickly as many of us think. According to psychologists,as we age,our memory mechanism isn't broken,it's just different.The brain's processing time slows down over the years,though no one knows exactly why.Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and that there's less activity in the part of the brain that decides whether to store information or not.But it's not clear that less activity is worse.A beginning athlete is winded. more easily than a trained athlete.In the same way,as the brain gets more skilled at a task,it spends less energy on it.
There are steps you can take to improve your memory,though you have to work to keep your brain in shape.It's like having a good body. You can't go to the gym once a year and expect to stay in top form.
Some memory enhancement experts suggest using the AM principle.Pay attention to what you want to remember. Then give some meaning to it. We remember things when we focus on them, whether we intend to or not. That helps explain why jingles stick in our minds.They are played on loud,flashy TV commercials.They also use rhyme and music to help us remember better.
Basic organization helps us remember the boring stuff. For example,rather than trying to recall a random list of groceries,we can divide them into categories,such as dairy,meat and produce. For important things like keys and money,we can set up a"forget-me-not"spot where we always keep them.
We can also eat to aid our memory power. Whole grains,fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of glucose,the brain's preferred fuel. Another low-tech way to improve memory is to get adequate rest. Sleep may allow our brain time to encode memories.
Interest in friends,family and hobbies does wonders for our memory.A sense of passion or purpose helps us remember. Memory requires us to pay attention to our lives,allowing us to discover in them everything worth remembering.
A right choice of food and plenty of rest help improve our memory.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
共用题干
第二篇
The Book of Life
So far,scientists have named about 1.8 million living species,and that's just a fraction of what proba-
bly exists on Earth.With so many plants,animals,and other creatures covering the planet,it can be tough
to figure out what type of spider is moving up your leg or what kind of bird is flying by.
A soon-to-be-launched Web site might help. An international team of researchers has announced the
creation of a Web-based Encyclopedia of Life(EoL).The project aims to catalog every species on Earth in a
single,easy-to-use reference guide.
To get the encyclopedia started,the creators will use information from scientific databases that already
exist.And eventually,in special sections of the site,nonscientists with specialized knowledge will get to join
in.Bird-watchers,for example,will be able to input which birds they've seen and where.The technology
for this kind of tool has only recently become available.
As the EoL develops, you might find it useful for school projects.The site will feature special pages for
kids who are studying ecosystems（生态系统）in their neighborhoods. To make sure the encyclopedia is
accurate,scientists will review much of the information added to it. People who visit the site will be able to
choose to leave out pages that haven't been reviewed.
Another convenient feature of the EoL is that you'll be able to pick the level of detail you see to match
your interests,age,and current knowledge.If you wanted to learn about bears for a science class report,for
example,you could use the"novice"setting to get basic information about the animals.On the"expert"
setting,on the other hand,you could get much more detailed information about the history,literature and
exploration of bears.
It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species.The
creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will speed that process.
The word"novice"in Paragraph 5 could be best replaced by_______________.
A:beginner
B:scientist
C:creator
D:expert
查看答案
第二篇
The Book of Life
So far,scientists have named about 1.8 million living species,and that's just a fraction of what proba-
bly exists on Earth.With so many plants,animals,and other creatures covering the planet,it can be tough
to figure out what type of spider is moving up your leg or what kind of bird is flying by.
A soon-to-be-launched Web site might help. An international team of researchers has announced the
creation of a Web-based Encyclopedia of Life(EoL).The project aims to catalog every species on Earth in a
single,easy-to-use reference guide.
To get the encyclopedia started,the creators will use information from scientific databases that already
exist.And eventually,in special sections of the site,nonscientists with specialized knowledge will get to join
in.Bird-watchers,for example,will be able to input which birds they've seen and where.The technology
for this kind of tool has only recently become available.
As the EoL develops, you might find it useful for school projects.The site will feature special pages for
kids who are studying ecosystems（生态系统）in their neighborhoods. To make sure the encyclopedia is
accurate,scientists will review much of the information added to it. People who visit the site will be able to
choose to leave out pages that haven't been reviewed.
Another convenient feature of the EoL is that you'll be able to pick the level of detail you see to match
your interests,age,and current knowledge.If you wanted to learn about bears for a science class report,for
example,you could use the"novice"setting to get basic information about the animals.On the"expert"
setting,on the other hand,you could get much more detailed information about the history,literature and
exploration of bears.
It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species.The
creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will speed that process.
The word"novice"in Paragraph 5 could be best replaced by_______________.
A:beginner
B:scientist
C:creator
D:expert
The student is collecting material for his science report.
A:data
B:fabric
C:substance
D:supplies
查看答案
A:data
B:fabric
C:substance
D:supplies
共用题干
More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing
1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known,new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.
2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep,as well as a number of other sleep problems,than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling re-freshed after a night's sleep than 8-hour sleepers.
3 These findings,which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine,demonstrate that people who want to get a good night's rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night.He added that“it might be a good idea” for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed,but cau-tioned that more research is needed to confirm this.
4 Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance,one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.
5 For the current report,Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep ques-tionaires,in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night,arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep,and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning.
6 Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more like-ly to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence,he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed.“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed,then they'll spend a higher percentage of time awake.”he said.
Paragraph 2______
A: Kripke's Research
B: Dangers of Habitual Shortages of Sleep
C: Criticism on Kripke's Report
D: A way of Overcoming Insomnia
E: Sleep Problems of Long and Short Sleepers
F: Classification of Sleep Problems
查看答案
More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing
1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known,new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.
2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep,as well as a number of other sleep problems,than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling re-freshed after a night's sleep than 8-hour sleepers.
3 These findings,which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine,demonstrate that people who want to get a good night's rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night.He added that“it might be a good idea” for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed,but cau-tioned that more research is needed to confirm this.
4 Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance,one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.
5 For the current report,Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep ques-tionaires,in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night,arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep,and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning.
6 Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more like-ly to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence,he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed.“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed,then they'll spend a higher percentage of time awake.”he said.
Paragraph 2______
A: Kripke's Research
B: Dangers of Habitual Shortages of Sleep
C: Criticism on Kripke's Report
D: A way of Overcoming Insomnia
E: Sleep Problems of Long and Short Sleepers
F: Classification of Sleep Problems
共用题干
Computer Plug-in
1.Life on the Internet can be enriched if you don't restrict yourself to just written words and still pictures.Even if you are a newcomer to the Internet world,you've probably heard about multi-media on-line一listening to radio,watching animations and videos,even playing in three-dimensional space.Sound and movement make information come alive.
2.In order to experience that,some special pieces of software called plug-ins are necessary. The term"plug-in"refers to a small,add-on piece of software which extends the capabilities of your web browser,like Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Explorer,turning your computer into a radio or TV.
3.When you open a web page with a file requiring a plug-in which you don't have.you will usually receive a message asking if you want to get it by downloading it and installing it into your computer. Most of the time,the installation will be automatic.
4.Occasionally,you come across a downloaded file which needs to be decompressed or unzipped before installation.Once installed,plug-ins run automatically,without you having to do anything.
5.Many multimedia controls still need to be obtained from the developer but are installed automatically.
6.Shockwave is a typical example of it. All you need to do is go to the Macromedia site and click on the link to install the ActiveX control.The rest happens automatically.The next time you go to a"Shocked"website,the Shockwave control loads and plays the movie.
7.Most plug-ins and controls can be downloaded for free on the Internet,although not all will work with every system.Some of them,for instance,only work with Windows 95.
Paragranh 6_______
A:Life online can be colorful.
B:How plug-ins are installed.
C:Plug-ins should not be absent if you want to enjoy the Internet.
D:How Shockwave is installed and used.
E:No money is charged for the use of plug-ins.
F: The developer's permission is needed before you install a plug-in.
查看答案
Computer Plug-in
1.Life on the Internet can be enriched if you don't restrict yourself to just written words and still pictures.Even if you are a newcomer to the Internet world,you've probably heard about multi-media on-line一listening to radio,watching animations and videos,even playing in three-dimensional space.Sound and movement make information come alive.
2.In order to experience that,some special pieces of software called plug-ins are necessary. The term"plug-in"refers to a small,add-on piece of software which extends the capabilities of your web browser,like Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Explorer,turning your computer into a radio or TV.
3.When you open a web page with a file requiring a plug-in which you don't have.you will usually receive a message asking if you want to get it by downloading it and installing it into your computer. Most of the time,the installation will be automatic.
4.Occasionally,you come across a downloaded file which needs to be decompressed or unzipped before installation.Once installed,plug-ins run automatically,without you having to do anything.
5.Many multimedia controls still need to be obtained from the developer but are installed automatically.
6.Shockwave is a typical example of it. All you need to do is go to the Macromedia site and click on the link to install the ActiveX control.The rest happens automatically.The next time you go to a"Shocked"website,the Shockwave control loads and plays the movie.
7.Most plug-ins and controls can be downloaded for free on the Internet,although not all will work with every system.Some of them,for instance,only work with Windows 95.
Paragranh 6_______
A:Life online can be colorful.
B:How plug-ins are installed.
C:Plug-ins should not be absent if you want to enjoy the Internet.
D:How Shockwave is installed and used.
E:No money is charged for the use of plug-ins.
F: The developer's permission is needed before you install a plug-in.
共用题干
Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?
When people argue about whether coffee is good for health,they're usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it good for your heart?Does it increase blood pressure?Does it help you concentrate?However,coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.
Traditionally,coffee bushes were planted under the canopy（树冠）of taller indigenous（土生土长的）trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees.At first,this increases production because more coffee bushes can be plan- ted if there aren't any trees.With increased production come increased profits.
Unfortunately,deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local wildlife habitat Native birds nest and hide from predators（捕食者）in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.
Furthermore,in the long term,the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee.The fertilizers and pesti- cides kill insects that eat coffee plant,but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well,and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.
Fortunately,farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade.We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as“shade grown” and“bird friendly.”Sure,these varieties might cost a little more.But we're paying for the health of the birds,the land,ourselves,and the planet. I think it's worth it.
What is the main idea of this passage?
A: Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.
B:Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce.
C:Shade-grown coffee is more expensive than sun-grown coffee.
D: People should buy shade-grown coffee.
查看答案
Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?
When people argue about whether coffee is good for health,they're usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it good for your heart?Does it increase blood pressure?Does it help you concentrate?However,coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.
Traditionally,coffee bushes were planted under the canopy（树冠）of taller indigenous（土生土长的）trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees.At first,this increases production because more coffee bushes can be plan- ted if there aren't any trees.With increased production come increased profits.
Unfortunately,deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local wildlife habitat Native birds nest and hide from predators（捕食者）in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.
Furthermore,in the long term,the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee.The fertilizers and pesti- cides kill insects that eat coffee plant,but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well,and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.
Fortunately,farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade.We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as“shade grown” and“bird friendly.”Sure,these varieties might cost a little more.But we're paying for the health of the birds,the land,ourselves,and the planet. I think it's worth it.
What is the main idea of this passage?
A: Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.
B:Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce.
C:Shade-grown coffee is more expensive than sun-grown coffee.
D: People should buy shade-grown coffee.
共用题干
第二篇
Sleep Lets Brain File Memories
To sleep.Perchance to file?Findings published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's.
Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically,they examined the electrical activity emanating（散发）from the somatosensory（耳、目、口等以外的）neocortex（新大脑皮层）(an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus（海马）,which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined.So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex)were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples.The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation.
A second study,also published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels.
Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes（糖尿病，多尿症）suffer from increased memory problems.In the new work,Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels,which tend to increase with age,affect memory in healthy people as well.The scientists administered recall tests, brain scans（细看，审视，浏览，扫描）and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's tissues.Subjects with the poorest memory recollection,the team discovered,also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance.In addition,their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar.
" Our study suggests that this impairment（损害、损伤）may contribute to the memory deficits （赤字、不足额）that occur as people age."Convit says."And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition."Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check（阻止、制止）,so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.
In what way is memory related to hippocampus shrinkage?
A:There is no relation between memory and hippocampus shrinkage.
B:The more hippocampus shrinks,the poorer one's memory.
C:The more hippocampus shrinks,the better one's memory.
D:The less hippocampus shrinks,the poorer one's memory.
查看答案
第二篇
Sleep Lets Brain File Memories
To sleep.Perchance to file?Findings published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's.
Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically,they examined the electrical activity emanating（散发）from the somatosensory（耳、目、口等以外的）neocortex（新大脑皮层）(an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus（海马）,which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined.So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex)were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples.The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation.
A second study,also published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels.
Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes（糖尿病，多尿症）suffer from increased memory problems.In the new work,Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels,which tend to increase with age,affect memory in healthy people as well.The scientists administered recall tests, brain scans（细看，审视，浏览，扫描）and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's tissues.Subjects with the poorest memory recollection,the team discovered,also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance.In addition,their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar.
" Our study suggests that this impairment（损害、损伤）may contribute to the memory deficits （赤字、不足额）that occur as people age."Convit says."And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition."Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check（阻止、制止）,so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.
In what way is memory related to hippocampus shrinkage?
A:There is no relation between memory and hippocampus shrinkage.
B:The more hippocampus shrinks,the poorer one's memory.
C:The more hippocampus shrinks,the better one's memory.
D:The less hippocampus shrinks,the poorer one's memory.