学历教育 - 英语考试
共用题干
The Fridge
1.The fridge is considered a necessity.It has been so since the l960s when packaged food first appeared with the label:"Store in the refrigerator."
2.In my fridgeless fifties childhood,I was fed well and healthily.The milkman came daily,the grocer,the butcher,the baker,and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week.The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted and we were never troubled by rotten food.Thirty years on,food deliveries have ceased,fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.
3.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation.A vast variety of well-tried techniques already existed一natural cooling,drying,smoking,slating, sugaring,bottling…
4.What refrigeration did promote was marketing一marketing hardware and electricity,marketing soft drinks,marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.
5.Consequently,most of the world's fridges are to be found,not in the tropics where they might prove useful,but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary.Every winter,millions of fridges hum away continuously,and at vast expanse,busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially一heated house一while outside,nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.
6.The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident,while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don't believe me,try it yourself. Invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers but at least you'll get ride of that terrible hum.
The invention of the fridge has not provided a new,economical way in which_______.
A:milk,meat,vegetables,etc.were delivered
B:it has promoted the sales of many kinds of commodities
C:foods can be preserved
D:most kids like iced soft drinks
E:every housewife needs food
F: the fridge produced when it is working
查看答案
The Fridge
1.The fridge is considered a necessity.It has been so since the l960s when packaged food first appeared with the label:"Store in the refrigerator."
2.In my fridgeless fifties childhood,I was fed well and healthily.The milkman came daily,the grocer,the butcher,the baker,and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week.The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted and we were never troubled by rotten food.Thirty years on,food deliveries have ceased,fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.
3.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation.A vast variety of well-tried techniques already existed一natural cooling,drying,smoking,slating, sugaring,bottling…
4.What refrigeration did promote was marketing一marketing hardware and electricity,marketing soft drinks,marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.
5.Consequently,most of the world's fridges are to be found,not in the tropics where they might prove useful,but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary.Every winter,millions of fridges hum away continuously,and at vast expanse,busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially一heated house一while outside,nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.
6.The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident,while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don't believe me,try it yourself. Invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers but at least you'll get ride of that terrible hum.
The invention of the fridge has not provided a new,economical way in which_______.
A:milk,meat,vegetables,etc.were delivered
B:it has promoted the sales of many kinds of commodities
C:foods can be preserved
D:most kids like iced soft drinks
E:every housewife needs food
F: the fridge produced when it is working
共用题干
Natural Gas
1 Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface. It is a fossil fuel（矿物燃
料）,meaning that it is derived from orgaiiic material buried in the earth millions of years ago.The main corn-
ponent of natural gas is methane（甲烷）.
2 The popularity and use of clean natural gas have increased dramatically over the past 50 years as
pipeline infrastructure（基础设施）has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions
of residential,commercial and industrial customers worldwide.Today,natural gas service is available in all 50
states in the U.S.,and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and industries.More than 65
million American homes use natural gas.In fact,natural gas is the most economical source for home energy
needs,costing one-third as much as electricity.In addition to heating homes,much of the gas used in the
United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products,from paint,to fibers for
clothing,to plastics for healthcare,computing and furnishings.Natural gas is also used in a significant number
of new electricity-generating power plants.
3 Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available. It emits（发出）less pollution than other
fossil fuel sources. When natural gas is burned , it produces mostly carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）and water va-
por一the same substances emitted when humans breathe.Compared with some other fossil fuels,natural gas
emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted（燃烧）一making natural gas the clea-
nest burning fossil fuel of all.
4 The United States consumes about one一third of the world's natural gas output,making it the largest
gas-consuming region in the world.The U.S.Department of Energy Information Administration forecasts that
natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025.
5 There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surface.The largest reserves of natural
gas can be found in Russia , West and North Africa and the Middle East. LNG（液化天然气）has been pro-
duced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades.Today,the leading import-
ers of LNG are Japan,Korea,France and Spain.
When manufacturing many different products,people commonly use natural gas_________.
A:over the past 50 years
B: beneath the earth' s surface
C: by more than 50 percent
D:for more than four decades
E:as a raw material
F:for home energy needs
查看答案
Natural Gas
1 Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface. It is a fossil fuel（矿物燃
料）,meaning that it is derived from orgaiiic material buried in the earth millions of years ago.The main corn-
ponent of natural gas is methane（甲烷）.
2 The popularity and use of clean natural gas have increased dramatically over the past 50 years as
pipeline infrastructure（基础设施）has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions
of residential,commercial and industrial customers worldwide.Today,natural gas service is available in all 50
states in the U.S.,and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and industries.More than 65
million American homes use natural gas.In fact,natural gas is the most economical source for home energy
needs,costing one-third as much as electricity.In addition to heating homes,much of the gas used in the
United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products,from paint,to fibers for
clothing,to plastics for healthcare,computing and furnishings.Natural gas is also used in a significant number
of new electricity-generating power plants.
3 Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available. It emits（发出）less pollution than other
fossil fuel sources. When natural gas is burned , it produces mostly carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）and water va-
por一the same substances emitted when humans breathe.Compared with some other fossil fuels,natural gas
emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted（燃烧）一making natural gas the clea-
nest burning fossil fuel of all.
4 The United States consumes about one一third of the world's natural gas output,making it the largest
gas-consuming region in the world.The U.S.Department of Energy Information Administration forecasts that
natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025.
5 There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surface.The largest reserves of natural
gas can be found in Russia , West and North Africa and the Middle East. LNG（液化天然气）has been pro-
duced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades.Today,the leading import-
ers of LNG are Japan,Korea,France and Spain.
When manufacturing many different products,people commonly use natural gas_________.
A:over the past 50 years
B: beneath the earth' s surface
C: by more than 50 percent
D:for more than four decades
E:as a raw material
F:for home energy needs
共用题干
第一篇
Forecasting Methods
There are several different methods that can be used to create a forecast. The method a forecaster chooses
depends upon the experience of the forecaster,the amount of information available to the forecaster,the level of
difficulty that the forecast situation presents,and the degree of accuracy or confidence needed in the forecast.
The first of these methods is the persistence method,the simplest way of producing a forecast.The per-
sistence method assumes that the conditions at the time of the forecast will not change.For example,if it is
sunny and 87 degrees today,the persistence method predicts that it will be sunny and 87 degrees tomorrow.
If two inches of rain fell today,the persistence method would predict two inches of rain for tomorrow.
However,if weather conditions change significantly from day to day,the persistence method usually breaks
down and is not the best forecasting method to use.
The trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movement for fronts,high and low
pressure centers , and areas of clouds and precipitation（降水量）.Using this information , the forecaster can
predict where he or she expects those features to be at some future time.For example,if a storm system is
1,000 miles west of your location and moving to the east at 250 miles per day,using the trends method you
would predict it arrive in your area in 4 days.The trends method works well when systems continue to move
at the same speed in the same direction for a long period of time.If they slow down,speed up,change intensi-
ty,or change directions,the trends forecast will probably not work as well.
The climatology（气候学）method is another simple way of producing a forecast. This method involves
averaging weather statistics accumulated over many years to make the forecast.For example,if you were using
the climatology method to predict the weather for New York City on July 4th,you would go through all the
weather data that has been recorded for every July 4th and take an average.The climatology method oniy
works well when the weather pattern is similar to that expected for the chosen time of year. If the pattern is
quite unusual for the given time of year,the climatology method will often fail.
The analog method is a slightly more complicated method of producing a forecast.It involves examining
today's forecast scenario（模式）and remembering a day in the past when the weather scenario looked very
similar(an analog).The forecaster would predict that the weather in this forecast will behave the same as ii
did in the past.The analog method is difficult to use because it is virtually impossible to find a predict ana-
log.Various weather features rarely align themselves in the same locations as they were in the previous time.
Even small differences between the current time and the analog can lead to very different results.
Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned in choosing a forecasting method?
A:Necessary amount of information.
B:Degree of difficulty involved in forecasting.
C:Practical knowledge of the forecaster.
D: Creativity of the forecaster.
查看答案
第一篇
Forecasting Methods
There are several different methods that can be used to create a forecast. The method a forecaster chooses
depends upon the experience of the forecaster,the amount of information available to the forecaster,the level of
difficulty that the forecast situation presents,and the degree of accuracy or confidence needed in the forecast.
The first of these methods is the persistence method,the simplest way of producing a forecast.The per-
sistence method assumes that the conditions at the time of the forecast will not change.For example,if it is
sunny and 87 degrees today,the persistence method predicts that it will be sunny and 87 degrees tomorrow.
If two inches of rain fell today,the persistence method would predict two inches of rain for tomorrow.
However,if weather conditions change significantly from day to day,the persistence method usually breaks
down and is not the best forecasting method to use.
The trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movement for fronts,high and low
pressure centers , and areas of clouds and precipitation（降水量）.Using this information , the forecaster can
predict where he or she expects those features to be at some future time.For example,if a storm system is
1,000 miles west of your location and moving to the east at 250 miles per day,using the trends method you
would predict it arrive in your area in 4 days.The trends method works well when systems continue to move
at the same speed in the same direction for a long period of time.If they slow down,speed up,change intensi-
ty,or change directions,the trends forecast will probably not work as well.
The climatology（气候学）method is another simple way of producing a forecast. This method involves
averaging weather statistics accumulated over many years to make the forecast.For example,if you were using
the climatology method to predict the weather for New York City on July 4th,you would go through all the
weather data that has been recorded for every July 4th and take an average.The climatology method oniy
works well when the weather pattern is similar to that expected for the chosen time of year. If the pattern is
quite unusual for the given time of year,the climatology method will often fail.
The analog method is a slightly more complicated method of producing a forecast.It involves examining
today's forecast scenario（模式）and remembering a day in the past when the weather scenario looked very
similar(an analog).The forecaster would predict that the weather in this forecast will behave the same as ii
did in the past.The analog method is difficult to use because it is virtually impossible to find a predict ana-
log.Various weather features rarely align themselves in the same locations as they were in the previous time.
Even small differences between the current time and the analog can lead to very different results.
Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned in choosing a forecasting method?
A:Necessary amount of information.
B:Degree of difficulty involved in forecasting.
C:Practical knowledge of the forecaster.
D: Creativity of the forecaster.
共用题干
Science and Truth
“FINAGLE”（欺骗）is not a word that most people associate with science. One reason is that the image of the scientist is of one who always______ (51)data in an impartial（不偏不倚的）search for truth. In any debate______ ( 52 ) intelligence , schooling , energy—the phrase“science says”usually disarms opposition.
But scientists have long acknowledged the existence of a“finagle factor”—a tendency by many scientists to give a helpful change to the data to______(53)desired results.The latest of the finagle factor in action comes from Stephen Jay Gould,a Harvard biologist,who has ______(54)the important 19th century work of Dr. Samuel George Morton.Morton was fa-mous in his time for analysing the brain______(55)of the skulls as a measure of intelligence.
He concluded that whites had the largest brains,that the brains of Indians and blacks were smaller,and______(56),that whites constitute a superior race.
Gould went back to Morton's original data and concluded that the______(57)were an example of the finagle at work .He found that Morton's“discovery”was made by leaving out embarrassing data,______(58)incorrect procedures,and changing his criteria-again,always in fayour of his argument. Morton has been thoroughly discredited by now and scientists do not believe that brain size reflects______(59).
But Gould went on to say Morton's story is only an example of a common problem in ______(60)work .Some of the leading figures in science are______(61)to have used the finagle factor. Gould says that Isaac Newton fudged out（捏造）to support at least three central statements that he could not prove .And so______(62)Laudius Ptolemy,the Greek astronomer,whose master work,Almagest,summed up the case for a solar system that had the earth asits centre .Recent______(63)indicate that Ptolemy either faked some key data or resorted heavily to the finagle factor.
All this is important because the finagle factor is still at work.For example,in the artificial sweetener controversy,it is______(64)that all the studies sponsored by the sugar industry find that the artificial sweetener is unsafe,______(65)all the studies sponsored by the diet food industry find nothing wrong with it.
52._________
A:. of
B: over
C: in
D: with
查看答案
Science and Truth
“FINAGLE”（欺骗）is not a word that most people associate with science. One reason is that the image of the scientist is of one who always______ (51)data in an impartial（不偏不倚的）search for truth. In any debate______ ( 52 ) intelligence , schooling , energy—the phrase“science says”usually disarms opposition.
But scientists have long acknowledged the existence of a“finagle factor”—a tendency by many scientists to give a helpful change to the data to______(53)desired results.The latest of the finagle factor in action comes from Stephen Jay Gould,a Harvard biologist,who has ______(54)the important 19th century work of Dr. Samuel George Morton.Morton was fa-mous in his time for analysing the brain______(55)of the skulls as a measure of intelligence.
He concluded that whites had the largest brains,that the brains of Indians and blacks were smaller,and______(56),that whites constitute a superior race.
Gould went back to Morton's original data and concluded that the______(57)were an example of the finagle at work .He found that Morton's“discovery”was made by leaving out embarrassing data,______(58)incorrect procedures,and changing his criteria-again,always in fayour of his argument. Morton has been thoroughly discredited by now and scientists do not believe that brain size reflects______(59).
But Gould went on to say Morton's story is only an example of a common problem in ______(60)work .Some of the leading figures in science are______(61)to have used the finagle factor. Gould says that Isaac Newton fudged out（捏造）to support at least three central statements that he could not prove .And so______(62)Laudius Ptolemy,the Greek astronomer,whose master work,Almagest,summed up the case for a solar system that had the earth asits centre .Recent______(63)indicate that Ptolemy either faked some key data or resorted heavily to the finagle factor.
All this is important because the finagle factor is still at work.For example,in the artificial sweetener controversy,it is______(64)that all the studies sponsored by the sugar industry find that the artificial sweetener is unsafe,______(65)all the studies sponsored by the diet food industry find nothing wrong with it.
52._________
A:. of
B: over
C: in
D: with
共用题干
Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack?
In the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center,structural engineers are trying hard to solve a question that a month ago would have been completely unthinkable:Can buildings be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts（爆炸）inflicted by terrorists?
Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the,twin towers,stmctural engineers from the University at Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering.Research(MCEER)headquartered（总部在某地）atUB traveled to ground zero as part of a project funded场the National Science Foundation.Visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance（事先考查）visit,they spent two days beginning the task of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and to search for clues on how to do so in buildings that were damaged but still are standing.
"Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center,those buildings that are still standing,but that sustained damage," said M.Bruneau,Ph. D."Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings remain standing,while our long-term goal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies to achieve enhanced performance of buildings in the event of terrorist attacks,"he added.
Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling (惊人的）detail the monumental damage inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity.One building a block away from the towers remains standing,but was badly damaged."This building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building,"explained A.Whittaker,Ph. D.
"The column became a missile that shot across the road,through the window and through the floor."
The visit to the area also revealed some surprises,according to the engineers.For example,the floor framing system in one of the adjacent buildings was quite rugged,allowing floors that were pierced by tons of falling debris to remain intact." Highly redundant ductile（有延展性的）framing systems may provide a simple,but robust strategy for blast resistance,"he added.Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load-bearing column fails."We also need a better understanding of the mechanism of collapse,"said A.Whittaker."We need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you can predict it." A.Reinhorn,Ph. D.noted that"Earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many buildings in the past.It induces dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in structural components.Solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist-resistant design.Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutions and to develop new ones where none exist at present."
The column mentioned by Dr.Whittaker______.
A:was part of the building close to the World Trade Center
B:was part of the World Trade Center
C:was shot through the window and the floor of the World Trade Center
D:damaged many buildings in the vicinity of the World Trade Center
查看答案
Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack?
In the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center,structural engineers are trying hard to solve a question that a month ago would have been completely unthinkable:Can buildings be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts（爆炸）inflicted by terrorists?
Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the,twin towers,stmctural engineers from the University at Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering.Research(MCEER)headquartered（总部在某地）atUB traveled to ground zero as part of a project funded场the National Science Foundation.Visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance（事先考查）visit,they spent two days beginning the task of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and to search for clues on how to do so in buildings that were damaged but still are standing.
"Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center,those buildings that are still standing,but that sustained damage," said M.Bruneau,Ph. D."Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings remain standing,while our long-term goal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies to achieve enhanced performance of buildings in the event of terrorist attacks,"he added.
Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling (惊人的）detail the monumental damage inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity.One building a block away from the towers remains standing,but was badly damaged."This building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building,"explained A.Whittaker,Ph. D.
"The column became a missile that shot across the road,through the window and through the floor."
The visit to the area also revealed some surprises,according to the engineers.For example,the floor framing system in one of the adjacent buildings was quite rugged,allowing floors that were pierced by tons of falling debris to remain intact." Highly redundant ductile（有延展性的）framing systems may provide a simple,but robust strategy for blast resistance,"he added.Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load-bearing column fails."We also need a better understanding of the mechanism of collapse,"said A.Whittaker."We need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you can predict it." A.Reinhorn,Ph. D.noted that"Earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many buildings in the past.It induces dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in structural components.Solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist-resistant design.Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutions and to develop new ones where none exist at present."
The column mentioned by Dr.Whittaker______.
A:was part of the building close to the World Trade Center
B:was part of the World Trade Center
C:was shot through the window and the floor of the World Trade Center
D:damaged many buildings in the vicinity of the World Trade Center
共用题干
Water一the Issue of This Century
The world is running short of freshwater. Populations are growing bigger and thirstier （渴的）,with the result that freshwater is becoming increasingly scarce（缺乏）.Half the world's wetlands have disappeared during the last century,while estimates suggest that wa- ter use will rise by 50% in the next 30 years.
The World Bank report estimates that as much as half of the world's population,concentrated in Africa,the Middle East and south Asia,will face“severe water shortages”by 2025.Local water conflicts and the loss of freshwater ecosystems appear large in some re- gions.
A similar picture emerges from the globe's salt water regions. Three-quarters of the world's people may live within 100km of the sea in 2025,putting even more pressure on stretched coastal ecosystems. Two thirds of fisheries（渔业）are exploited at or beyond their sustainable limits, and half the world's coral reefs（珊瑚礁）may perish in 100 years. Almost 60% of coral reefs and 34% of fish species are at risk from human activities,the Bank says.
The report concludes that there is ample evidence to justify immediate and coordinated action to safeguard supplies and use water more efficiently.
Fresh water consumption is rising quickly,and the availability of water in some regions is likely to become one of the most pressing issues of the 21st century.
A third of the world's popu1ation一around two billion people一live in countries that are experiencing moderate to high water shortages.That proportion could rise to half or more in the next 30 years unless institutions（制度）change to ensure better conservation and alloca- tion of water.
China is one country where the portents（征兆）are gloomy. The most waterstressed country in East Asia,China is exploiting 44%of its usable water,a figure projected to rise to6O%by 2020.Primary withdrawal of water of more than 60%is widely considered by water experts to exceed the environmental carrying capacity of a river basin system. Although
China's total use appears still to be reasonable,it has several basins that are severely stressed environmentally.
Withdrawals exceed environmental limits in Afghanistan and Pakistan,and will exceed them in India by 2020.In the Middle East and North Africa,only Morocco has unexploited water resources.The rest have exceeded environmental limits and many are mining aquifers （蓄水层）一bodies of water-bearing rock一the report says.
Almost all coral reefs may disappear in 100 years.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
查看答案
Water一the Issue of This Century
The world is running short of freshwater. Populations are growing bigger and thirstier （渴的）,with the result that freshwater is becoming increasingly scarce（缺乏）.Half the world's wetlands have disappeared during the last century,while estimates suggest that wa- ter use will rise by 50% in the next 30 years.
The World Bank report estimates that as much as half of the world's population,concentrated in Africa,the Middle East and south Asia,will face“severe water shortages”by 2025.Local water conflicts and the loss of freshwater ecosystems appear large in some re- gions.
A similar picture emerges from the globe's salt water regions. Three-quarters of the world's people may live within 100km of the sea in 2025,putting even more pressure on stretched coastal ecosystems. Two thirds of fisheries（渔业）are exploited at or beyond their sustainable limits, and half the world's coral reefs（珊瑚礁）may perish in 100 years. Almost 60% of coral reefs and 34% of fish species are at risk from human activities,the Bank says.
The report concludes that there is ample evidence to justify immediate and coordinated action to safeguard supplies and use water more efficiently.
Fresh water consumption is rising quickly,and the availability of water in some regions is likely to become one of the most pressing issues of the 21st century.
A third of the world's popu1ation一around two billion people一live in countries that are experiencing moderate to high water shortages.That proportion could rise to half or more in the next 30 years unless institutions（制度）change to ensure better conservation and alloca- tion of water.
China is one country where the portents（征兆）are gloomy. The most waterstressed country in East Asia,China is exploiting 44%of its usable water,a figure projected to rise to6O%by 2020.Primary withdrawal of water of more than 60%is widely considered by water experts to exceed the environmental carrying capacity of a river basin system. Although
China's total use appears still to be reasonable,it has several basins that are severely stressed environmentally.
Withdrawals exceed environmental limits in Afghanistan and Pakistan,and will exceed them in India by 2020.In the Middle East and North Africa,only Morocco has unexploited water resources.The rest have exceeded environmental limits and many are mining aquifers （蓄水层）一bodies of water-bearing rock一the report says.
Almost all coral reefs may disappear in 100 years.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
共用题干
Travel Across Africa
For six hours we shot through the barren（荒芜的）landscape of the Karoo desert in
South Africa. Just rocks and sand and baking sun. Knowing our journey was ending,Daniel and I just wanted to remember all we had seen and done. He used a camera. I used words. I had already finished three notebooks and was into the fourth,a beautiful leather notebook I'd bought in a market in Mozambique.
Southern Africa was full of stories and visions.We were almost drunk on sensations,the roaring（咆哮）of the water at Victoria Falls, the impossible silence of the Okavango Delta in Botswana.
And then the other things:dogs in the streets,whole families in Soweto living in one room,a kilometre from clean water.
As we drove towards the setting sun,a quietness fell over us. The road was empty一we hadn't seen another car for hours.And as I drove,something caught my eye,something moving close enough to touch them,to smell their hot breath. I didn't know how long they had been there next to us.
I shouted to Dan:“Look!”But he was in a deep sleep,his camera lying useless by his feet. They raced the car for a few seconds,then disappeared far behind us,a memory of he- roic forms in the red landscape.
When Daniel woke up an hour later I told him what had happened.
”Wild horses?”he said.”Why didn't you wake me up,Sophia?”
”I tried. But they were gone after a few seconds.”
”Are you sure you didn't dream it?”
”You were the one who was sleeping!”
”Typical”,he said.”The best photos are the ones we never take.”
We checked into a dusty hotel and slept the sleep of the dead.
Sophia woke Daniel up so that he could take photos of the horses.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
查看答案
Travel Across Africa
For six hours we shot through the barren（荒芜的）landscape of the Karoo desert in
South Africa. Just rocks and sand and baking sun. Knowing our journey was ending,Daniel and I just wanted to remember all we had seen and done. He used a camera. I used words. I had already finished three notebooks and was into the fourth,a beautiful leather notebook I'd bought in a market in Mozambique.
Southern Africa was full of stories and visions.We were almost drunk on sensations,the roaring（咆哮）of the water at Victoria Falls, the impossible silence of the Okavango Delta in Botswana.
And then the other things:dogs in the streets,whole families in Soweto living in one room,a kilometre from clean water.
As we drove towards the setting sun,a quietness fell over us. The road was empty一we hadn't seen another car for hours.And as I drove,something caught my eye,something moving close enough to touch them,to smell their hot breath. I didn't know how long they had been there next to us.
I shouted to Dan:“Look!”But he was in a deep sleep,his camera lying useless by his feet. They raced the car for a few seconds,then disappeared far behind us,a memory of he- roic forms in the red landscape.
When Daniel woke up an hour later I told him what had happened.
”Wild horses?”he said.”Why didn't you wake me up,Sophia?”
”I tried. But they were gone after a few seconds.”
”Are you sure you didn't dream it?”
”You were the one who was sleeping!”
”Typical”,he said.”The best photos are the ones we never take.”
We checked into a dusty hotel and slept the sleep of the dead.
Sophia woke Daniel up so that he could take photos of the horses.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
共用题干
第二篇
Sleep Lets Brain File Memories
To sleep.Perchance to file?Findings published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's.
Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically,they examined the electrical activity emanating（散发）from the somatosensory（耳、目、口等以外的）neocortex（新大脑皮层）(an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus（海马）,which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined.So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex)were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples.The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation.
A second study,also published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels.
Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes（糖尿病，多尿症）suffer from increased memory problems.In the new work,Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels,which tend to increase with age,affect memory in healthy people as well.The scientists administered recall tests, brain scans（细看，审视，浏览，扫描）and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's tissues.Subjects with the poorest memory recollection,the team discovered,also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance.In addition,their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar.
" Our study suggests that this impairment（损害、损伤）may contribute to the memory deficits （赤字、不足额）that occur as people age."Convit says."And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition."Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check（阻止、制止）,so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.
Which of the following statements is nearest in meaning to the sentence"To sleep.Perchance to file?"
A:Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep?
B:Does brain have memories when one is sleeping?
C:Does brain remember files after one falls asleep?
D:Does brain work on files in sleep?
查看答案
第二篇
Sleep Lets Brain File Memories
To sleep.Perchance to file?Findings published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's.
Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically,they examined the electrical activity emanating（散发）from the somatosensory（耳、目、口等以外的）neocortex（新大脑皮层）(an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus（海马）,which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined.So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex)were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples.The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation.
A second study,also published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels.
Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes（糖尿病，多尿症）suffer from increased memory problems.In the new work,Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels,which tend to increase with age,affect memory in healthy people as well.The scientists administered recall tests, brain scans（细看，审视，浏览，扫描）and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's tissues.Subjects with the poorest memory recollection,the team discovered,also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance.In addition,their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar.
" Our study suggests that this impairment（损害、损伤）may contribute to the memory deficits （赤字、不足额）that occur as people age."Convit says."And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition."Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check（阻止、制止）,so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.
Which of the following statements is nearest in meaning to the sentence"To sleep.Perchance to file?"
A:Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep?
B:Does brain have memories when one is sleeping?
C:Does brain remember files after one falls asleep?
D:Does brain work on files in sleep?
共用题干
Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack?
In the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center,structural engineers are trying hard to solve a question that a month ago would have been completely unthinkable:Can buildings be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts（爆炸）inflicted by terrorists?
Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the,twin towers,stmctural engineers from the University at Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering.Research(MCEER)headquartered（总部在某地）atUB traveled to ground zero as part of a project funded场the National Science Foundation.Visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance（事先考查）visit,they spent two days beginning the task of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and to search for clues on how to do so in buildings that were damaged but still are standing.
"Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center,those buildings that are still standing,but that sustained damage," said M.Bruneau,Ph. D."Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings remain standing,while our long-term goal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies to achieve enhanced performance of buildings in the event of terrorist attacks,"he added.
Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling (惊人的）detail the monumental damage inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity.One building a block away from the towers remains standing,but was badly damaged."This building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building,"explained A.Whittaker,Ph. D.
"The column became a missile that shot across the road,through the window and through the floor."
The visit to the area also revealed some surprises,according to the engineers.For example,the floor framing system in one of the adjacent buildings was quite rugged,allowing floors that were pierced by tons of falling debris to remain intact." Highly redundant ductile（有延展性的）framing systems may provide a simple,but robust strategy for blast resistance,"he added.Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load-bearing column fails."We also need a better understanding of the mechanism of collapse,"said A.Whittaker."We need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you can predict it." A.Reinhorn,Ph. D.noted that"Earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many buildings in the past.It induces dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in structural components.Solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist-resistant design.Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutions and to develop new ones where none exist at present."
A surprising discovery made by the investigators during their visit to ground zero is that______.
A:floors in the adjacent building remain undamaged
B:some floor framing systems demonstrate resistance to explosion
C:simple floor framing systems are more blast resistant
D:floors in one of the adjacent buildings were pierced by tons of debris
查看答案
Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack?
In the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center,structural engineers are trying hard to solve a question that a month ago would have been completely unthinkable:Can buildings be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts（爆炸）inflicted by terrorists?
Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the,twin towers,stmctural engineers from the University at Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering.Research(MCEER)headquartered（总部在某地）atUB traveled to ground zero as part of a project funded场the National Science Foundation.Visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance（事先考查）visit,they spent two days beginning the task of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and to search for clues on how to do so in buildings that were damaged but still are standing.
"Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center,those buildings that are still standing,but that sustained damage," said M.Bruneau,Ph. D."Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings remain standing,while our long-term goal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies to achieve enhanced performance of buildings in the event of terrorist attacks,"he added.
Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling (惊人的）detail the monumental damage inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity.One building a block away from the towers remains standing,but was badly damaged."This building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building,"explained A.Whittaker,Ph. D.
"The column became a missile that shot across the road,through the window and through the floor."
The visit to the area also revealed some surprises,according to the engineers.For example,the floor framing system in one of the adjacent buildings was quite rugged,allowing floors that were pierced by tons of falling debris to remain intact." Highly redundant ductile（有延展性的）framing systems may provide a simple,but robust strategy for blast resistance,"he added.Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load-bearing column fails."We also need a better understanding of the mechanism of collapse,"said A.Whittaker."We need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you can predict it." A.Reinhorn,Ph. D.noted that"Earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many buildings in the past.It induces dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in structural components.Solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist-resistant design.Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutions and to develop new ones where none exist at present."
A surprising discovery made by the investigators during their visit to ground zero is that______.
A:floors in the adjacent building remain undamaged
B:some floor framing systems demonstrate resistance to explosion
C:simple floor framing systems are more blast resistant
D:floors in one of the adjacent buildings were pierced by tons of debris
共用题干
Renewable Energy Sources
Today petroleum provides around 40%of the world's energy needs,mostly fuelling automobiles.Coal is still used,mostly in power stations,to cover one-quarter of our energy needs,but it is the least efficient, unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel.Natural gas reserves could plug（填补）some of the gap from oil,but reserves of that will not last into the 22nd century either.Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years.We could fast reach an energy crisis.We need to rapidly develop sustainable solutions to fuel our future.Less-polluting renewable energy sources offer a more practical long-term energy solution.They may benefit the world's poor too."Renewable"refers to the fact that these resources are not used faster than they can be replaced.
The Chinese and Romans used watermills over 2,000 years ago.But the first hydroelectric dam was built in England in 1870.Hydroelectric power is now the most common form of renewable energy,supplying around 20%of world electricity.China's Three Gorges Dam,which has just been completed, is the largest ever.At five times the size of the US ' s Hoover Dam , its 26 turbines（涡轮机）will generate the equivalent energy of 18 coal-fired power stations.It will satisfy 3%of China's entire electricity demand.
In 2003,the first commercial power station to harness tidal currents in the open sea opened in Norway. It is designed like windmill,but others take the form of turbines.
As prices fall,wind power has become the fastest growing type of electricity generation-quadrupling worldwide between 1999 and 2005.Modern wind farms consist of turbines that generate electricity.Though it will be more expensive,there is more than enough wind to provide the world's entire energy needs.Wind farms come in onshore and offshore forms.They can often end up at spots of natural beauty,and are often unpopular with residents.And turbines are not totally benign-they can interfere with radar and leave a significant ecological footprint,altering climate and killing sea birds.Migrating birds may have more luck avoiding them.Scotland is building Europe's largest wind farm,which will power 200 ,000 homes.The UK's goal is to generate one-fifth of power from renewable sources,mainly wind,by 2020.But this may cause problems,because wind is unreliable.
According to the article,resources such as wind______.
A:are sustainable but not replaceable
B:are renewable so sustainable
C:are sustainable so renewable
D:are irreplaceable
查看答案
Renewable Energy Sources
Today petroleum provides around 40%of the world's energy needs,mostly fuelling automobiles.Coal is still used,mostly in power stations,to cover one-quarter of our energy needs,but it is the least efficient, unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel.Natural gas reserves could plug（填补）some of the gap from oil,but reserves of that will not last into the 22nd century either.Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years.We could fast reach an energy crisis.We need to rapidly develop sustainable solutions to fuel our future.Less-polluting renewable energy sources offer a more practical long-term energy solution.They may benefit the world's poor too."Renewable"refers to the fact that these resources are not used faster than they can be replaced.
The Chinese and Romans used watermills over 2,000 years ago.But the first hydroelectric dam was built in England in 1870.Hydroelectric power is now the most common form of renewable energy,supplying around 20%of world electricity.China's Three Gorges Dam,which has just been completed, is the largest ever.At five times the size of the US ' s Hoover Dam , its 26 turbines（涡轮机）will generate the equivalent energy of 18 coal-fired power stations.It will satisfy 3%of China's entire electricity demand.
In 2003,the first commercial power station to harness tidal currents in the open sea opened in Norway. It is designed like windmill,but others take the form of turbines.
As prices fall,wind power has become the fastest growing type of electricity generation-quadrupling worldwide between 1999 and 2005.Modern wind farms consist of turbines that generate electricity.Though it will be more expensive,there is more than enough wind to provide the world's entire energy needs.Wind farms come in onshore and offshore forms.They can often end up at spots of natural beauty,and are often unpopular with residents.And turbines are not totally benign-they can interfere with radar and leave a significant ecological footprint,altering climate and killing sea birds.Migrating birds may have more luck avoiding them.Scotland is building Europe's largest wind farm,which will power 200 ,000 homes.The UK's goal is to generate one-fifth of power from renewable sources,mainly wind,by 2020.But this may cause problems,because wind is unreliable.
According to the article,resources such as wind______.
A:are sustainable but not replaceable
B:are renewable so sustainable
C:are sustainable so renewable
D:are irreplaceable